Utilisateur:Pixeltoo/Full biological kingdom classification
Linnaeus 1735[1] |
Haeckel 1866[2] |
Chatton 1925[3][4] |
Copeland 1938[5][6] |
Whittaker 1969[7] |
Woese et al. 1977[8][9] |
Woese et al. 1990[10] |
Cavalier-Smith 1993[11][12][13] |
Cavalier-Smith 1998[14][15][16] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 kingdoms | 3 kingdoms | 2 empires | 4 kingdoms | 5 kingdoms | 6 kingdoms | 3 domains | 8 kingdoms | 6 kingdoms |
(not treated) | Protista | Prokaryota | Monera | Monera | Eubacteria | Bacteria | Eubacteria | Bacteria |
Archaebacteria | Archaea | Archaebacteria | ||||||
Eukaryota | Protoctista | Protista | Protista | Eukarya | Archezoa | Protozoa | ||
Protozoa | ||||||||
Chromista | Chromista | |||||||
Vegetabilia | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | ||
Fungi | Fungi | Fungi | Fungi | |||||
Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia |
- (en) C. Linnaeus, Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species,
- (en) E. Haeckel, Generelle Morphologie der Organismen, Reimer, Berlin,
- É. Chatton, « Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires », Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale, vol. 10-VII, , p. 1–84
- (en) É. Chatton, Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937), Sette, Sottano, Italy,
- H. Copeland, « The kingdoms of organisms », Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 13, , p. 383–420 (DOI 10.1086/394568)
- (en) H. F. Copeland, The Classification of Lower Organisms, Palo Alto, Pacific Books, (DOI 10.5962/bhl.title.4474)
- R. H. Whittaker, « New concepts of kingdoms of organisms », Science, vol. 163, no 3863, , p. 150–60 (PMID 5762760, DOI 10.1126/science.163.3863.150)
- C. R. Woese, W. E. Balch, L. J. Magrum, G. E. Fox et R. S. Wolfe, « An ancient divergence among the bacteria », Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 9, no 4, , p. 305–311 (PMID 408502, DOI 10.1007/BF01796092)
- C. R. Woese et G. E. Fox, « Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms », Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 74, no 11, , p. 5088–90 (PMID 270744, PMCID 432104, DOI 10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088)
- C. Woese, O. Kandler et M. Wheelis, « Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. », Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 87, no 12, , p. 4576–9 (PMID 2112744, PMCID 54159, DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, Bibcode 1990PNAS...87.4576W, lire en ligne)
- Pmid 7337818
- Pmid 1302186
- Pmid 8302218
- T. Cavalier-Smith, « A revised six-kingdom system of life », Biological Reviews, vol. 73, no 03, , p. 203–66 (PMID 9809012, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x, lire en ligne)
- T. Cavalier-Smith, « Only six kingdoms of life », Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, vol. 271, , p. 1251–62 (PMID 15306349, PMCID 1691724, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2705, lire en ligne, consulté le )
- Cavalier-Smith T, « Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree », Biol. Lett., vol. 6, no 3, , p. 342–5 (PMID 20031978, PMCID 2880060, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948, lire en ligne)