Mahine Teheiura
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Teheiura.
Mahine aussi appelé Tehei'ura ou Puru né en 1761 et mort le 2 février 1838 dans son île natale, était un souverain des îles sous le vent. Il était avec son frère Tenania aussi appelé Arepaea, un des chefs principaux du royaume de Huahine et de mai'ao. En 1815, il accompagna sa nièce Teriitaria II à la bataille de Fei-pi, puis reconnut sa légitimité en tant que reine de Huahine et de Mai'ao.
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Biographie modifier
Mahine dit Puru[1],[2], s'appelait aussi Tehei'ura[3]. Sa naissance se situait vers 1761 à Huahine[4]. Son père s'appelait Mato et sa mère Tetuaveroa[5]. Il avait un frère appelé Arepaea second époux d'Itia, la mère de Pomare II[1]. Les deux frères se partageaient le pouvoir sur l'île de Huahine[6]. En 1808, Arepaea, qui avait décidé de se retirer à Eimeo avec Itia, reconnaissait Puru comme étant le chef suprême ou roi de l'île de Huahine suivi de Teriitaria II la fille de Tamatoa III roi de Raïatea. Elle était destinée à épouser le roi Pomare II[7],[8]. À la fin du mois de novembre 1810, Mahine fit partie du contingent des guerriers et des chefs des îles sous le vent venus apporter leur soutien au roi Pomare II pour le réinstaller sur ses terres à Tahiti[9]. Le 16 décembre 1814, Itia mourut à Eimeo suivi d'Arepaea aussi appelé Tenania dix jours après[10],[11],[12]. En 1815, Mahine accompagna Teriitaria II dans la bataille de Fei-pi le 15 novembre 1815 durant laquelle Opuhara chef de la dynastie des Teva de la côte Ouest fut tué. Pomare II devint le chef suprême de toute l'île de Tahiti. De retour à Huahine en 1815, Mahine décida de reconnaître le pouvoir de sa nièce Teriitaria II qui devint chef suprême (Arii rahi) ou reine du royaume de Huahine et Mai'ao[13]. En 1818, elle était à la tête du gouvernement de Huahine. Son frère Moeore et sa soeur Maihara étaient respectivement les chefs des districts d'Atea et de Ama du côté de Tefarerii. Les huit autres districts dotés chacun d'un chef, étaient sous le commandement des deux chefs principaux Mahine dit Puru et Hautia aussi appelé Hivaha[14]. Teriitaria étant souvent absente de l'île de Huahine, le pouvoir effectif était assuré par Mahine soutenu par Hautia et Maihara. Mahine avait un fils nommé Taaroaarii qui mourut le 25 octobre 1821[15]. Deux mois après le décès de Taaroaarii, sa femme Tematafainuu, qui était la fille du chef principal Hautia, mit au monde une fille appelée, Temarii a Taaroaarii[16]. Elle fut mariée à Ariipeu à Hiro, frère de Tenania a Hiro. Ce dernier étant le second époux de la reine Pomare IV après Tapoa II. Mahine Teheiura Puru, pilier du protestantisme, mourut le 2 février 1838 sur l'île de Huahine[17].
Bibliographie modifier
- Jean-François Baré, Tahiti, les temps et les pouvoirs: pour une anthropologie historique du Tahiti post-européen, Paris, ORSTOM, , 543 p. (ISBN 2-7099-0847-6, lire en ligne)
- (en) C. W. Newbury, The administration of french oceania 1842-1906, , 471 p. (lire en ligne)
- Douglas Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society, Honolulu, The University Press of Hawaii, , 1419 p. (ISBN 9780824884536, lire en ligne)
- (en) William Ellis, Polynesian researches, during a residence of nearly six years in the South Sea Islands : including descriptions of the natural history and scenery of the Islands, with remarks on the history, mythology, traditions, government, arts, manners, and customs of the inhabitants, vol. 1, London, Fisher, Son & Jackson, , 536 p. (OCLC 231587598, lire en ligne)
- (en) William Ellis, Polynesian researches, during a residence of nearly six years in the South Sea Islands : including descriptions of the natural history and scenery of the Islands, with remarks on the history, mythology, traditions, government, arts, manners, and customs of the inhabitants, vol. 2, London, Fisher, Son, & Jackson, , 576 p. (OCLC 1244213509, lire en ligne)
- (en) Tyerman Daniel et George Bennett, Journal of voyages and travels by the Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, esq. Deputed from the London missionary society, to visit their various stations in the South Sea Islands, China, India, etc., between the years 1821 and 1829, vol. 1, London, Frederick Westley and A.H. Davis, , 566 p. (OCLC 1045383924, lire en ligne)
- (en) Teuira Henry, Ancient Tahiti, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop. Museum. Bulletin 48, , 651 p. (OCLC 03049679, lire en ligne)
Notes et références modifier
Notes modifier
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas journals/File 31 (Box 3)/John Davies, Tahiti (lire en ligne), Journal entry Huahine, November 11, 1808 :
« Friday Nov 11th 1808. About 6 a.m. discovered the island of Huaheine, and came to anchor in the harbour about 1 p.m. Soon after we anchored, Edea and her husband arepaea, with his brother Puru, paid us a visit we were glad to find the island in peace, and that arepaea was so far recovered. »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas letters/File Box 3/Letters from missionaries in Tahiti and also in the Sandwich Islands (lire en ligne), LMS/SSL/Box3/Folder1/JacquetA/Letter22_Rev. John Davies to LMS (Huahine August 18th 1819) :
« Huahine August 18th 1819 [...] Of the baptism of Pomare and others at Tahiti and Eimeo, i have but little to say. No doubt the breathren have written. After the departure of the vessel, i suppose whe shall baptize Mahine or Puru the chief of Huahine and several others others with whom we have private meetings in my house [...].Yours affectionately. John Davies »
- (en) Henry Teuira, Ancient Tahiti, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, , p. 253 :
« Mahine Te-hei-'ura (The-'ura-feather-wreath- Daughter) t., who became king of Huahine. He was about 15 years old when Captain Cook visited Huahine in 1777. »
- (en) Daniel Tyerman, George Bennet, James Montgomery et London Missionary Society, Journal of voyages and travels by the Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, esq. Deputed from the London missionary society, to visit their various stations in the South Sea Islands, China, India, etc., between the years 1821 and 1829, vol. 1, London, F. Westley and A.H. Davis, , 566 p. (OCLC 1045383924, lire en ligne), p. 186. Journal December 8, 1821 :
« On Mahine’s return to this island, after the war, as he leaped on shore he exclaimed, “ The idolaters were conquered by prayer.” He seems about sixty years of age, a tall and venerable man, and generally dresses in European costume »
- Joseph Chesneau et Pascal Marcantoni, BSEO n°26 : Notes sur Huahine et autres iles sous le vent, Papeete, Société des Etudes Océaniennes, (lire en ligne) :
« A l'arrivée de Cook à Huahine en 1769, c'est cette Faatuarei qui était reine et âgée d'une quarantaine d'années. Elle habitait Maeva. Fort grandes furent sa surprise et son admiration à l'annonce de l'arrivée de ces hommes blancs sur d'immenses pirogues à voiles. Elle se fit raconter le tout dans les moindres détails et de ce jour en mémoire de ce fait extraordinaire, elle s'appela Tehaapapa. Mato son mari la délaissa pour s'unir à Tetuaveroa fille de Moohono grand-prêtre de Huahine. Cette Tetuaveroa appelée aussi Rereao lui donna trois enfants, deux garçons Tenania et Mahine et une fille Rereao. »
- (en) Douglas L. Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society, Honolulu, The University Press of Hawaii, (1re éd. 1974) (ISBN 9780824884536) :
« After siring Teri‘itaria (about 1763) and Turaiarii, Mato left Fatuarai and married the daughter of Mo‘ohono, identified by Chesneau as “grandpriest of Huahine” (1928:81). By this wife he sired three children, two of whom figure prominently in political developments, namely, Tenania (who “married” Itia after the latter separated from Pomare I) and Mahine (“A”) (known also as Teheiura and Puru, who later became “king,” or, with Tenania, “coking,” of Huahine). Mato was not in evidence during any of Cook’s visits to Huahine; Chesneau reported that he was killed around 1775 in an interisland battle, but this date and the circumstances of this conflict are clouded with uncertainties. All of this is of course most intriguing, and probably important; and I relegate discussion of the matter to a footnote only because of the paucity of data concerning it. »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas journals/File 31 (Box 3)/John Davies, Tahiti (lire en ligne), Journal entry Huahine, November 14, 1808 :
« Monday Nov 14th 1808 [...] The chiefs promised to build houses for us, and order their men to begin the thatch ec. Immediately consulted Edea and her husband about making presents to the chiefs. They recommended to us to consider Puru in the first place and Tearetarea, this last is the daughter of Tematoa a principal chief of Raiatea. She is reckoned as supreme in this island, and is intended to be Pomare's wife. She has here two sisters and a brother, each of which must have a small present, as also the daughter of Arepaea.[...] »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas journals/File 31 (Box 3)/John Davies, Tahiti (lire en ligne), Journal entry Huahine, November 21, 1808 :
« Monday Nov 21st 1808. We were told this morning that a canoe was to sail for Taheete the wind being a little favourable, wrote a few lines for the brethren at Matavae to let them know our safe arrival at this island and our present circumstances. Edea also dictated a short letter for Pomare, she desire him to come down here and take to wife Te are Tarea [...]. »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas letters/File Box 1/Letters from the Tahitian Mission and from missionaries leaving or returning to England (lire en ligne), LMS/SSL/Box1/Folder5/JacquetE/Lettter 3_Rev. Henry Nott to LMS :
« Moorea october the 10th 1810. [...] king Pomare is at present on this island, but his mother with the chiefs of Huahine and a considerable of his people are still at Tahiti. All the chiefs of the Leeward Islands are coming up to Pomare some are already arrived and the rest are expected soon, with their men, arms, ammunition ec. so that should war again breakout which may be the case in a few month. The King will probably succeed in subducing the Tahitians »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas journals/File 35 (Box 3)/John Davies, Eimeo (Mo'orea) (lire en ligne) :
« Monday January 17th (1814) On fryday last, a messenger came from Edea, the King's mother to inform us she was very near death, and wished much to see some of us (she was at a considerable distance). Two of the brethen visited her, she knew them, and appeared glad to see them but could not speak. Yesterday another messenger came to inform us, she was dead, had died in the morning. She has been to us, apparently a sincere friend all along, but continued to the last in enemy of our religion. She possessed a good understanding, was of a strong masculine constitution. Pomare is now the last of the family, which in the time of Cook was so numerous. »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas letters/File Box 2/Letters mainly from missionaries in Tahiti, or sailing to and from Tahiti (lire en ligne), LMS/SSL/Box2/Folder2/JacquetA_Letter2. Rev. Henry Bicknell and others to LMS (Eimeo April 23 1814) :
« His mother Idia,died lately in this island,and her husband within ten days after her »
- (en) Douglas Oliver, Ancient Tahitian Society, Honolulu, The University Press of Hawaii, (ISBN 9780824884536), p. 1341 :
« On January 1814 ,Itia died, and shortly there after her husband too. »
- (en) Daniel Tyerman, George Bennet, James Montgomery et London Missionary Society, Journal of voyages and travels by the Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, esq. Deputed from the London missionary society, to visit their various stations in the South Sea Islands, China, India, etc., between the years 1821 and 1829, p. 186. Journal entry December 8 1821 :
« On Mahine’s return to this island, after the war, as he leaped on shore he exclaimed, “ The idolaters were conquered by prayer.” He seems about sixty years of age, a tall and venerable man, and generally dresses in European costume. He might at the time above mentioned have obtained extensive dominions, with great civil power, but he nobly resigned the whole into the hands of others, saying that he would have nothing to do thence forward with political affairs, but should give himself to hearing the word, and obeying the will, of God during the remainder of his day »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas letters/File Box 3/Letters from missionaries in Tahiti and also in the Sandwich Islands (lire en ligne), LMS/SSL/box3/Folder1/JacquetA/Letter1_The Huahine Society established. 6 October 1818 :
« A translation
The Huahine Society, for promoting acknowledge of the word of God, institued October 6th 1818. Huahine. Printed at the Missionary Press-1819. The Huahine Society instituted October 6th 1818. (1) Its name. The Huahine Society for promoting (or causing the growth of the word of God). (2) The work or service of this Society.To contribute property in aid of what is collected by the Missionary Society in London for the purpose of sending to teach the nations the word of God. (3) The officers. President Teriitaria. Vice president or principal governors of all Atiapii in its eight divisions Hivaha and Mahine.
For Atea the governor is Moeore, secretary Teato. For Ama, governor Maihara, secretary Teuhe The general secretary for the whole mata'eina'a or division of Fareri'i is Ohipa.
For Atupii,Atiapii the governor is Tefaatau Vahine, and secretary Avaemotu. For Atitiao, the governor is Paoaa, secretary Mauiui. For Miru, the governor is Pereitai, secretary Faremaemae. For Aturuanuu, governor Teihotu, secretary Mauu. For Fareihi, governor Taaroarii, secretary Vahaivi. For Faretou, governor Teraimano, secretary Teriifaatau. For Tauraimua, governor Tefana, secretary Tipae. For Tauraimuri, governor Tetoofa, secretary Vaa. General secretary Taua, treasurer Vaitaahue
*Maia'o iti or (Tapua-manu) although one of the Georgian island, is nevertheless (?) connected with Huaheine.
Officers of Maiao iti (Tapuamanu) including its seven divisions. President Tenania Principal governor Maopi For Namaha, governor Tehaafana, secretary Haatiatia For Raahinau, governor Apuaitu, secretary Ahoro For Mahuti, governor Teraitua, secretary Teriiavea For Tipoto, governor Mataivera, secretary Tuare
Every governor is to have a secretary who is to write down the name of all contributors and keep an account of their contributions.
(4) The members of this society are those that contribute five bamboos of coconut oil annually, or else three balls of pia (arrow root), or one pig, or four baskets of cotton, such will be considered as member of the society. But those that may not choose to give five bamboos, let them give three, two, or even one if they think proper, they will be considered as contributors, but not members of the Society, and should some not choose to contribute at all there is no constraint, they are all left their own choice. (5) The members of the Society and other contributors, are not to defer their contributions till the month of May, for that is the meeting month, but they are to take the property to the governors in their own respective districts, that it may be forwarded by them to the principal governor, who is to deliver it to the charge of the treasurer, and the general secretary is to write down the name of all contributors, as also their contributions.
(6) In the month of May there shall be a meeting of all the officers and members of the society in the great place of worship at Apootava, when [lost part] »
- (en) Polynesian researches, during a residence of nearly six years in the South Sea Islands : including descriptions of the natural history and scenery of the Islands, with remarks on the history, mythology, traditions, government, arts, manners, and customs of the inhabitants, vol. 1, London, Fisher, Son, & Jackson, , 536 p. (OCLC 231587598, lire en ligne) :
« A short time before midnight,on the 25th of October,he breathed his last. »
- (en) William Ellis, Polynesian researches, during a residence of nearly six years in the South Sea Islands : including descriptions of the natural history and scenery of the Islands, with remarks on the history, mythology, traditions, government, arts, manners, and customs of the inhabitants, vol. 1, London, Fisher, Son, & Jackson, , 536 p. (OCLC 231587598, lire en ligne), p. 513-514 :
« Two months afterwards she became a mother, and, during our continuance on the island, Mrs. Ellis was considered as the guardian of her infant daughter. Since our departure the child has been trained, by its fond mother, according to the direction of Mrs. Barff, and will probably succeed to the government of the island at its grand father’s death »
- (en) Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. South Seas letters/File Box 11/Letters mainly from missionaries in the Society, Hervey and Samoan Islands and also the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands (lire en ligne), LMS/Box11/Folder6/JacquetA/Letter 1_Rev. Charles Barff to LMS (Tahiti August 24 1838) :
« August 24 1838. Tahiti. It was your request to be informed of the death of Mahine when ever it should please god to call him. I have now the painful intelligence to communicate he died feb. 2 of this year [...] Mahine i suppose was near eighty years. He was a man when Cap'n Cook called in 1777 sixty one years about [...] »
