Fichier:Haplogroup P of Y-DNA.png
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Description
| Description |
Español: Dispersión de los principales clados del haplogrupo P (PF5850) del ADN del cromosoma Y humano.
English: Dispersion of the main clades of the haplogroup P (Y-DNA) |
| Date | |
| Source | Travail personnel |
| Auteur | Maulucioni |
This map includes the following major subclades of P:
| P (PF5850) |
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Description and sources
The greatest diversification of P was in Southeast Asia, and would have originated about 44,000 years ago.[1] P-PF5850* was found in Perak (Malaysia) and P-M1254* was found in human remains on the Andaman Islands.[1] P (xP1), or more exactly P-295 (xQ,R) was found in eastern Indonesia, in Timor, Sumba and Celebes;[2] while P2 was found in the Philippines.[3]
The presence of P in Siberia would be ancient, since the haplogroup P-P337* was found in human remains called "Yana" in Yakutia, Yana Valley, in the Siberian Arctic, which is 32 thousand years old.[1]
Q is considered to have arosed in Central Asia,[4] like R1 and R2.[5]
Subclades of Q are related to the settlement of the Americas. The Amerindians are characterized by the presence of Q-M3 and Q-Z780, while the Eskimos are Q-YP1500.[6]
Q-M120 is a typical lineage of East Asia, it is part of the original gene pool of the Huaxia and Han ethnic groups in China, it has an ancient connection with Siberia and it diversified in northwest China between 3000 to 5000 years ago.[7]
Q-L330 predominates in the Yenisei ethnic groups,[8] Q-L940 is found in northern Europe, and Q2 expands in South Asia and West Asia.[1]
It has been suggested that R1a (M420) would have originated in the vicinity of Iran, while R1a-M17 would have an European origin.[9] R1a-L664 is essentially Northwest European, R1a-Z283 is the main Central and East European branch; and R1a-Z93 extends into Asia.[10]
R1b would have originated in the Near East.[11] Its main subclades were R1b-L51, which expanded during the Holocene towards Europe,[12] R1b-V88 did so towards the south reaching sub-Saharan Africa[13] and R1b-M73 disperses in Russia.[14]
References
- ↑ a b c d Haplogroup P YTree v8.09.00 2012-2021 YFull
- ↑ T. Karafet et al 2014. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Figures and tables. European Journal of Human Genetics
- ↑ Haplogroup P-BY49600 2021 Genetic Homeland LLC
- ↑ Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2019 ISOGG
- ↑ Zhao, Zhongming et al. “Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes.” Annals of human biology vol. 36,1 (2009): 46-59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522
- ↑ Q Y-full tree YTree v9.01.00 2021 YFull™
- ↑ Sun N, Ma PC, Yan S, Wen SQ, Sun C, Du PX, Cheng HZ, Deng XH, Wang CC, Wei LH. Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage connecting populations in Siberia and East Asia Ann Hum Biol. 2019 May;46(3):261-266. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1632930. Epub 2019 Jul 10. PMID: 31208219.
- ↑ Carlos Quiles 2021, Proto-Yeniseian Homeland Indo-European.eu, powered by WordPress
- ↑ Underhill, Peter A et al. “The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a.” European journal of human genetics: EJHG vol. 23,1 (2015): 124-31. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50
- ↑ Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) 2004-2021 Eupedia
- ↑ Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2019-2020 ISOGG 2020
- ↑ Horvath, C. B. (2019). Redefining Pre-Indo-European Language Families of Bronze Age Western Europe: A Study Based on the Synthesis of Scientific Evidence From Archaeology, Historical Linguistics and Genetics. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 15(26), 1. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n26p1
- ↑ MarcHaber et al. Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations The American Journal of Human Genetics. Volume 99, Issue 6, (2016), Pages 1316-1324
- ↑ A. S. Lobov et al. (2009), "Structure of the Gene Pool of Bashkir Subpopulations" (original text in Russian)
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| Date et heure | Vignette | Dimensions | Utilisateur | Commentaire | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| actuel | 27 avril 2021 à 17:14 | | 1 482 × 712 (80 kio) | Maulucioni | Minor details |
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