English: A map of the Caliphate during the Second Fitna (Second Muslim Civil War), showing the approximate areas of control of the Damascus-based Umayyad dynasty (in red), the Mecca-based counter-caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (in blue), the Kufa-based pro-Alid ruler al-Muktar al-Thaqafi (in green) and the Kharijite Azariqa and Najdat factions (in yellow).

Sources:

• Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer (1971). The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. ISBN 978-0718901493.
• Fishbein, Michael. The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXI: The Victory of the Marwānids, A.D. 685–693/A.H. 66–73. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0221-4.
• Hawting, G.R., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XX: The Collapse of Sufyānid Authority and the Coming of the Marwānids: The Caliphates of Muʿāwiyah II and Marwān I and the Beginning of the Caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik, A.D. 683–685/A.H. 64–66. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-855-3.
• Hawting, Gerald R. (1993). "al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 521–524. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.
• Rubinacci, R. (1960). "Azārika". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 810–811. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
• Rubinacci, R. (1993). "Nadjadāt". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 858–859. ISBN 90-04-09419-9