Identifier: fiftyyearsofeuro00haze (find matches)
Title: Fifty years of Europe, 1870-1919
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Hazen, Charles Downer, 1868-
Subjects: World War, 1914-1918 Europe -- History 1871-1918
Publisher: New York : H. Holt and Company
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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Livonia, andEsthonia; she also renounced all claims to Finlandand the Ukraine and agreed to recognize their inde-pendence and to make peace with them; she sur-rendered Batum, Erivan, and Kars in the Caucasus toTurkey, and she promised to cease all revolutionarypropaganda in the ceded regions and in the countriesof the Central Alliance. Subsequently and in direct violation of the plainintent of one of the articles of the treaty, the promiseof a large money indemnity was exacted from Russia. By this treaty Russia lost an enormous territory,about half a million square miles, a territory morethan twice as large as the German Empire. She losta population of about 65,000,000, which was aboutthat of the German Empire. A year or less of Bol-shevism had sufHced to undo the work of all the Rus-sian Emperors from Peter the Great to Nicholas II.So complete a mutilation of a great country Europehad never seen. Russia was thrust back into the con-dition in which she had been in the seventeenth cen-
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1918SHOWING TERRITORY SURRENDERED BY RUSSIA Scale of Miles TURKEY IN ASIA 394 FIFTY YEARS OF EUROPE ^ tury and which even then was found intolerable.Never in modern times has a great power surren-dered such vast territories by a single stroke of thepen. Pacifism and internationalism had borne theirnatural fruit with unexpected swiftness. Gorky, theRussian noveHst, and considered a radical until theBolsheviki appeared and gave a new extension tothat word, has estimated that this treaty robbed Rus-sia of 37 per cent of her manufacturing industries,75 per cent of her coal, and 73 per cent of heriron. What the future of the ceded territories should bewas not indicated beyond the statement that Ger-many and Austria-Hungary intend to decide the fu-ture fate of these territories by agreement with theirpopulation. A few weeks later the Central Powersdictated a pitiless treaty to Roumania, forcing largecessions of territory and minutely and ingeniouslysqueezing her of her economic resources fo

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