Aide:Unicode (brahmique)

(Redirigé depuis Aide:Unicode (Indic))

Plusieurs pages de Wikipédia utilisent des lettres brahmiques pour illustrer la représentation native des noms, lieux, citations et littérature. Unicode est le codage utilisé sur Wikipédia et permet une représentation abstraite de certains alphabets brahmiques. Cependant, avant que les lettres brahmiques puissent être visualisées ou saisies, la prise en charge du Complex Text Layout Rendu de texte complexe doit être activée dans votre système d'exploitation. Certains anciens systèmes informatiques ne prennent pas en charge le rendu de texte complexe et ne devraient pas être utilisés pour les scripts brahmiques.

Cette page liste les méthodes pour activer le complex text rendering en fonction du système d'exploitation ou de l'environnement logiciel utilisé. Plusieurs des méthodes indiquées ci-dessous peuvent être utilisées pour d'autres lettres complexes autres que brahmiques telles que l'arabe.

Vérification d'une prise en charge existante modifier

Les tables suivantes comparent comment un ordinateur correctement activé devrait afficher les lettres suivantes avec la façon dont votre ordinateur les affiche :

Écriture Rendu correct Votre ordinateur
Bengali, assamais   ক + িকি
Birman (Myanmar)   ဃ + ြဃြ
Cingalais   ඵ + ේඵේ
Devanagari   क + िकि
Goudjarati   ક + િકિ
Gourmoukhi   ਕ + ਿਕਿ
Kannara   ಕ + ಿಕಿ
Khmer   ម + ្ + ស + ៅម្សៅ
Lao   ລ + າ + ວລາວ
Malayalam   ക + െകെ
Odia   କ + େକେ
Tamoul   க + ேகே
Télougou   య + ీయీ
Thaï   ฐ + ูฐู
Tibétain   ར + ྐ + ྱརྐྱ

Si le rendu de votre ordinateur correspond au rendu des images du script, alors vous avez déjà activé la prise en charge de textes complexes ! Vous devriez voir le texte correctement pour ce script. Cependant, cela ne signifie pas que vous pourrez modifier le texte dans ce script. Pour modifier un tel texte, il vous faut un logiciel d'entrée de texte approprié à votre système d'exploitation.

Prise en charge indépendante de la plateforme de Mozilla Firefox modifier

Indic IME, un greffon pour Firefox 1.0+ peut vous aider à écrire dans de nombreux langages indiens dans vos pages web. Il est facile à installer et à utiliser sur toutes les plateformes où Firefox ou d'autres navigateurs basés sur Mozilla fonctionnent.

Le projet Indic IME toolbar a démarré pour adresser le besoin de saisir en langue indienne notamment dans des forums sur le web, courriels, blogs, boites de recherche.

Padmas, un greffon pour Firefox 2.0+ convertit plusieurs polices brahmiques en Unicode. Ceci aide à visualiser correctement des sites web en indien vernaculaire, sans nécessiter l'ajout de polices supplémentaires.

Windows 95, 98, ME et NT modifier

Ces systèmes d'exploitation ne contiennent pas la bonne prise en charge des scripts brahmiques. Les scripts brahmiques ne peuvent y être vus que par Internet Explorer. Vous aurez aussi besoin de la police Unicode appropriée sur votre système pour ce script. Il est suggéré d'installer Internet Explorer 6.0 parce qu'il prend mieux en charge les scripts brahmiques.

Mozilla Firefox ne prend pas en charge les scripts brahmiques sur ces systèmes d'exploitation, à moins d'y installer une version spéciale comme celle-ci. Cela est dû à un bogue de Firefox [1], [2]. Ce bogue a été corrigé dans Firefox 3 Alpha. Mais Firefox 3 ne fonctionne pas sous Windows 98/ME.

No Unicode Keyboard Driver Engines (Like Indic IME, BarahaIME etc) are available for these older systems. One can either use online typing tools or offline text editors specially made for this purpose. A list of such tools is given here.

Windows 2000 modifier

Prend en charge : Devanagari, Tamoul

La prise en charge de textes complexes doit être activée manuellement.

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

  • aller dans le menu Démarrer > Paramètres > Panneau de contrôle > Options Régionales > General [Onglet].
  • dans la frame "Language settings for this system", cocher la case « brahmique ».
  • Copier les fichiers appropriés depuis le cédérom de Windows 2000 CD à la demande.
  • si demandé, redémarrerle PC une fois les fichiers installés.

sans cédérom, télécharger this zip file et extraire son contenu dans un dossier.a la demande du cédé, pointer sur ce dossier.

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

You must follow the steps above before you perform the remaining steps.

  • Select "Input Locale" [Tab].
  • Click the "Add" button in the "Installed input locales" frame.
  • Select the desired language in the "Input Locale" drop-down box on the "Add Input Locale" dialogue box.
  • Now select the appropriate keyboard you wish to use.
  • For the people who are not able to use the above InScript Keyboard, They can use the Phonetic keyboards from Baraha. Baraha Direct included in Baraha Package supports both ANSI & Unicode while BarahaIME supports only Unicode.
  • For people who cannot download the above software, or for people on the move, dboard is an Indian language sandbox which provides an online virtual (visual) keyboard, you can use the following application, copy the text on the clipboard and then copy it back to the Wikipedia editing box.

Windows XP et Server 2003 modifier

Prend en charge : Bengali (XP SP2), Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam (XP SP2), Tamoul, Télougou

Complex text support needs to be manually enabled.

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

  1. Go to Start > Control Panel.
  2. If you are in "Category View" select the icon that says "Date, Time, Language and Regional Options" and then select Regional and Language Options".
  3. If you are in Classic View select the icon that says "Regional and Language Options".
  4. Select the "Languages" tab and make sure you select the option saying "Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages (including Thai)". A confirmation message should now appear - press "OK" on this confirmation message.
  5. Allow the OS to install necessary files from the Windows XP CD and then reboot if prompted.

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

Windows XP have inbuilt InScript Keyboards for nearly all Indian languages. You can add them via Control Panel. You must follow the steps above before you perform the remaining steps.

  • In the "Regional and Language Options", click the "Languages" tab.
  • Click on the "Details" tab.
  • Click the "Add" button to add a keyboard for your particular language.
  • In the drop-down box, select your required Indian language.
  • Make sure the check box labelled "Keyboard layout/IME" is selected and ensure you select an appropriate keyboard.
  • Now select "OK" to save changes.

You can use the combination ALT + SHIFT to switch between different keyboard layouts (e.g. from a UK Keyboard to Gurmukhi and vice-versa). If you want a language bar, you can select it by pressing the "Language Bar..." button on the "Text Services and Input Languages" dialog and then selecting "Show the language bar on my desktop". The language bar enables you to visually select the keyboard layout you are using.

  • For the people who are not able to use the above InScript Keyboard, there are some other Keyboard Drivers available. For Phonetic typing BarahaIME is suggested and for Remington typing IndicIME is suggested.

Baraha is Phonetic based software and includes nearly all of Indic languages. Baraha Direct included in Baraha Package supports both ANSI & Unicode while BarahaIME supports only Unicode.

  • Indic IME 1 (v5.0) is available from Microsoft Bhasha India. This supports Hindi Scripts, Gujrati, Kannada and Tamil. Indic IME 1 gives the user a choice between a number of keyboards including Phonetic, InScript and Remington.

If you do not have Windows CD, there is a modified version of the installer for Hindi named Hindi Toolkit which automatically installs Indic Support as well as Hindi Indic IME.

  • For people who cannot download the above software, or for people on the move, dboard is an Indian language sandbox which provides an online virtual (visual) keyboard, you can use the following application, copy the text on the clipboard and then copy it back to the Wikipedia editing box.
  • MyMyanmar Projects provide MyMyanmar Unicode System to input Myanmar(Burmese) text[1].

Windows Vista modifier

Prend en charge : Bengali, Cingalais, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam, Odia, Tamoul, Télougou, Tibétain

La prise en charge des textes complexes est automatiquement activée.

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

Rien à faire.

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

Windows Vista like Windows XP have inbuilt InScript Keyboards for nearly all Indian languages. You can add them via Control Panel.

For Phonetic typing BarahaIME is suggested and for Remington typing IndicIME is suggested.

Mac OS 9 and earlier modifier

The Indian Language Kit, available from Apple at additional cost, [3] provides support for Devanagari, Gujarati and Gurmukhi. No third-party Unicode solutions are known, though numerous custom-encoded fonts exist.

Mac OS X modifier

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

You do not need to do anything to enable viewing of Indic text as long as you use Safari or most other Cocoa applications, which fully support rearrangement and substitution for AAT-based fonts. Firefox up to version 2.0 does not support Indic script rendering at all because it does not use ATSUI (Firefox renders little rectangles instead). Opera also provides some support, although considerable bugs remain as of version 9.2 (though Opera at least renders the glyphs).

Carbon software such as Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop and their siblings do not generally support Indic scripts, due to broken or non-existent ATSUI implementations.

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

Specific keyboard layouts can be enabled in System Preferences, in the International pane. Switching among enabled keyboard layouts is done through the input menu in the upper right corner of the screen. The input menu appears as an icon indicating the current input method or keyboard layout — often a flag identified with the country, language, or script. Specific instructions are available from the "Help" menu (search for "Writing text in other languages").

Mac OS 10.4 system software comes with two installable Keyboard input options for Tamil: Murasu Anjal and Tamilnet 99. One needs to do the following steps to activate them:

i) Open "international" located within System Preferences and select "language". Select the "edit list", select "Tamil" from the list of languages shown and click OK.

ii) Select "input menu" to see a list of keyboard options available. Select "Anjal" and "Tamilnet99" keyboards under Murasu Anjal Tamil and Click OK.

iii) Anjal and Tamilnet99 keyboard icons appear immediately in the list of keyboards to select under the country flag in the top menu bar.

An alternate way to activate the keyboard(s) for Devanagari (Hindi etc.):

i) Open "International" located within System Preferences and select the "Input Menu" tab. (ii) Check the option for "Devanagari" and/or "Devanagari - QWERTY". (iii) Check the "Show input menu in menu bar" option at the bottom of the "International" panel. Close the panel, and the new keyboard(s) should be available for selection when you click on the menu bar icon (upper right corner).

SIL distributes a freeware Ukelele that allows anyone to design their own input keyboard for Mac OS X.

Prend en charge : Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam, Odia, Tamoul, Télougou, Tibétain

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

rien à faire à partir de GNOME 2.8 et suivants. Older versions may have support for some, but not all Indic scripts. Ensure you have appropriate Unicode fonts for each script you wish to view or edit.

Some web browsers may require you to enable Pango rendering to view Indic text properly.

  • For Epiphany, Pango rendering can be enabled in GConf. Press Alt+F2 to bring up the Run Application dialog, then enter gconf-editor and click Run. The Configuration Editor window will appear. In the left pane, unfold appsepiphany and click the web section. In the right pane, check the box next to the enable_pango option, then restart Epiphany.
  • When using Mozilla or Firefox, you can enable Pango rendering by opening xterm and typing MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1 mozilla or MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1 firefox. After this, all future sessions of Mozilla or Firefox will have Indic language support.
    • This will work only on Firefox compiled with --enable-pango. Only the firefox binaries supplied by Fedora Core 4 and 5, Ubuntu Linux, and Kate OS are compiled with this build option.
    • For Ubuntu 6.06, this support has been turned off due to speed issues. To enable support, you must type MOZ_DISABLE_PANGO=0 firefox. Future sessions do not remember this setting, so it must be repeated.
    • For SUSE 10.1 you have to add the "MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1″ to your .profile to make the effect permanent.
      1. Go to your home directory, then edit the .profile file -it is a hidden file.
      2. Scroll down to the last line of the file and add: export MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1
      3. Save the .profile file. Restart for the effect to take place
    • The easiest way to check whether --enable-pango was used in your copy of Firefox is to type about:buildconfig in the address bar and to look for the string (--enable-pango).

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

  • Go to Applications > Preferences > Keyboard.
  • Select the "Layouts" tab.
  • Select the keyboard for the language or script you wish to use from the "Available Layouts" frame and then press "Add".
  • Press "Close" to discard the dialogue box.
  • Right click on the main menu on your desktop and select "Add to Panel...".
  • Select "Keyboard Indicator" and click "Add".
  • Position the keyboard indicator on your menu bar and click it to switch between keyboard layouts.

Prend en charge : Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam, Odia, Tamoul, Télougou.

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

Il suffit de vérifier la présence des fontes unicodes.

Saisir du texte brahmique modifier

  • In the Control Center, go to Regional & Accessibility, Keyboard Layout
  • In the tab Layout, click on Enable keyboard layouts
  • Choose the layout you want in Available layouts
  • Click on Apply
  • Now, you will have an icon for the KDE Keyboard Tool in your panel, in which you can choose the layout you want

Distributions GNU/Linux basées sur Debian modifier

Prend en charge : Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam, Odia, Tamoul, Télougou, Tibétain, Punjabi.

Voir du texte brahmique modifier

Entrer en tant qu'utilisateur root:

apt-get install ttf-indic-fonts

et lorsque l'installation est complétée redémarrer le serveur X.

Pour l'écriture tibétaine:

apt-get install ttf-tmuni

Pour l'écriture birmane (Myanmar) :

apt-get install ttf-sil-padauk

Pour Mozilla et Firefox, voir les commentaires dans la section "gnome". Le rendu devrait fonctionner correctement "out of the box" à partir de Debian-4.0 (etch).

Fedora Core 6 and Fedora 7 Linux Distribution modifier

Prend en charge : Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannara, Malayalam, Odia, Tamoul, Télougou, Punjabi among others.

Installer des polices brahmiques modifier

For example, to install Kannada fonts, Simply enter as root on the console and type in the command:

yum install fonts-kannada

This will download the Kannada fonts from the repositories and install it.

Similarly, for Hindi, say, enter as root on the console and type in the command:

yum install fonts-hindi

Keyboard Support for Indic texts modifier

Start the Add/Remove software applet. For example in KDE, say, navigate to System and then Add/Remove software. In the applet window, select Languages on the list box to your left hand side. In the right hand side list box, select the Indian languages of interest to you.

For example, to have Kannada key board support, check the box for Kannada Support. Similarly, for Hindi support, say, check the box for Hindi Support.

It has observed that for Kannada, Fedora not only puts in Kannada keyboard support, but also provides transliteration support and also the keyboard support for KGP (Kannada Ganaka Parishad) keyboards. With this feature, users can directly type in Kannada words in Roman script to be transliterated to Kannada text in the application of your choice. For example into your browser, text editor, document editor, email client etc. Users can also use native Kannada keyboards, KGP based or otherwise to type in Kannada texts directly.

Gentoo Linux modifier

Prend en charge : Assamais, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamoul, Télougou.

Installer des polices brahmiques modifier

emerge fonts-indic

(The mozilla-*-bin products shipped by gentoo are directly taken from mozilla's ftp servers and aren't built with pango support. Unless you notice a problem with this you need to compile your own version with USE-"-moznopango". Firefox 3 will be shipping with pango enabled by default)

Inputting Indic text modifier

emerge -av scim-tables scim-m17n

Study the USE flags and the LINGUAS flags and set them accordingly depending on your desktop environment and language support needed. The following needs to be set whenever you login (append it to your .xinitrc or .xsession).

export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM    #case matters for this variable!
export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
export QT_IM_MODULE=scim

Mozilla apps and precompiled software such as acroread might not play well with scim (C++). In such cases, make use of scim-bridge (C - avoiding C++ ABI issues) [4].

emerge scim-bridge

and startup firefox as:

% GTK_IM_MODULE=scim-bridge firefox

You might have to start the scim daemon manually. (Add it your session's startup)

scim -d

SCIM is a unified frontend for currently available input method libraries.

polices Unicode OpenType modifier

Cette section liste des polices OpenType, prises en charge par Microsoft Windows et la plupart des distributions Linux. Pour les polices AAT (Apple Macintosh), voir la section Mac OS X.

Si vous avez suivi les instructions ci-dessus pour votre ordinateur et que vous ne pouvez toujours pas voir le texte brahmique correctement, Il vous faut installer des polices Unicode Unicode typefaces:

Department of Information Technology, India has provided Unicode Indic fonts for most of the Indian languages.

WAZU JAPAN's Gallery of Unicode Fonts is an excellent resource for all Indic scripts.

Références modifier

Liens externes modifier